IGF 2016: Enabling Inclusive and Sustainable Growth

The rapid development and early expansion of the Internet created a relatively unregulated digital space in which the freedoms of expression and assembly flourished around the world. The Internet enables quick dissemination of information and relatively anonymous communication, which has proven to be a great asset for civil society, especially in countries that restrict the freedoms of expression, association, and/or assembly. As the Internet becomes an integral part of daily life for many people around the world, governments are adopting a broad array of laws to govern the digital space. These laws can have a dramatic impact on human rights and the ability of civil society to operate effectively online.

Some laws directly regulate online content, while others contain provisions that create a chilling effect on free speech. Cybercrime laws, for example, may contain vague provisions and harsh penalties intended to curb content that is critical of the government. While some countries openly publish their laws in an accessible manner, many others do not. Even when laws are available to read and governments want to support human rights, legal frameworks can be complex, inconsistent, and difficult to interpret. It can be difficult for citizens especially to interpret the rules and evaluate the impact on digital rights. Thus, better information is a clear starting point for more effective advocacy. 

Within this context, the session introduces iGmena’s Internet Legislation Atlas visual tool for comparative analysis. The tool is a set of qualitative indicators that provide an easy and reliable way of assessing and comparing the quality of domestic legal frameworks regulating the digital space vis-à-vis international human rights standards. It aims to help academics, legal professionals, students, and civil society organizations in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) as well as beyond to develop a better understanding of the legal environment in their country. The session will be interactive and apply the newly created ILA indicators to seven MENA countries along with key findings from each. It also aims to introduce ILA to the at-large community and invite other regions to apply them and join the initiative. 

The ILA is a project that assesses and visualizes the level of compliance of selected digital rights vis-à-vis international human rights standards in seven countries in the Middle East and North Africa: Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Tunisia. The project looks at the legal frameworks that govern the Internet and focuses on the level of protection afforded particularly to the right to freedom of expression and the right to privacy. ILA is a project by Hivos’ iGmena program and ARTICLE 19 in collaboration with local partners representing the seven countries of focus. Read more about ILA at:https://internetlegislationatlas.org.

MODERATOR

• Hanane Boujemi, iGmena director, Hivos

SPEAKERS 

• Noha Fathy, Internet Legislation Atlas project lead, iGmena (Hivos)
• Niels ten Oever, head of digital, ARTICLE 19 (ILA partner)
• Walid Al-Saqaf, Internet Society board member (ILA advisory board member)

 

GKO research project ([http://]www.globalkidsonline.net http://www.globalkidsonline.net/ was developed as a collaborative initiative between the UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, the London School of Economics, and EU Kids Online. Supported by the WeProtect Global Alliance, the project developed a set of research tools that would enable academics, government, civil society and other actors to carry out reliable and standardized national research with children and their parents on opportunities, risks and protective 
factors of children’s internet use. This set of tools also includes guidance on how to use evidence in policy making and has a strong focus on online sexual exploitation of children with a specific survey module and appropriate ethical procedures. National research partners from Argentina, the Philippines, Serbia and South Africa, with support from UNICEF country offices, piloted the research toolkit. These were instrumental in building and testing research resources and in demonstrating how research results can be used for policy and practice. National reports have informed policy advocacy, legislation, awareness raising and consensus building between various stakeholders on the development of national strategies and plans. (The research toolkit, national reports and the synthesis report are to be launched on 2 November and will be available on www.globalkidsonline.net.

As policy makers and practitioners are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of evidence-based policy, demand for the research carried out under the GKO project is growing. Currently, 10 countries from the Global South are using our resources thus contributing to the growing evidence base. *The panel will discuss the results from the 
first year of research under the GKO initiatives and opportunities for using evidence in policy making particularly in relation to children’s digital skills and literacies, safety online, civic engagement, privacy and freedom of expressions*

Panelists are: Professor Sonia Livingstone, London School of Economics, Mario Viola de Azevedo Cunha, Institute of technology and Society, Brazil and Senior Fellow, 
UNICEF Office of Research, Innocenti and Alexandre Barbosa, Cetic.br

This workshop will explore some of the main cybersecurity challenges in the Global South today and how local stakeholders are working to overcome them. For developing economies and societies to fully reap the benefits of the Internet, the global community must work not only to ensure digital access, but also to tackle questions related to having a secure and trustworthy Cyberspace such as: innovative approaches to DNSSEC that enhance user confidence in Internet-based services; wider deployment of secure routing technologies; tools and policies for better traffic management; solutions to enhance the confidentiality of Internet traffic; data security and integrity; security of IoT; protection of critical Infrastructure from cyber attacks; end-user device security, among others. These are key aspects for developing regions to truly leverage the Internet as a tool to achieve inclusive and sustainable growth and avoid further inequalities.
The session will introduce the perspective of 5 regional stakeholders from Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia Pacific and Africa and will showcase success cases unfolding in developing economies. With representatives from civil society, government, private sector and the academia, the workshop will provide an opportunity for an open, multi-stakeholder debate on how to tackle cybersecurity issues in developing economies.

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

Hoepers, Cristine
Hountomey, Jean-Robert
Kolkman, Olaf
Palma Salas , Marcelo
Toimoana, Andrew
Vega, Erika
Wilson, Paul

The National Digital Strategy is an action plan developed by the Federal Executive Government, directly by the Executive Office of the President, created on November 25, 2013, with the purpose of adopting and developing the Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) in Mexico. Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto therefore created the Coordination of the National Digital Strategy for leading and coordinating the enforcement of the National Digital Strategy by all areas of the federal government and promoting the use and implementation of new technologies for the citizen’s benefit. The National Digital Strategy forms a core part of the National Development Plan.

Name of Speaker(s)

Victor Lagunes, Yolanda Martínez

Inclusive and sustainable growth means children and young people should be able to grow and flourish through the opportunities the internet makes available, free from violence and coercion. Unfortunately, it has never been easier for perpetrators to make contact with children, or to share images of abuse and inspire each other to commit further crimes. 

WePROTECT offers a critical multistakeholder intervention to prevent such crimes, in support of the IGF 2016 theme and the Sustainable Development Goals (16.2). The mission is to instill in everyone a responsibility to help protect children online so that, collectively, we help identify and protect victims; remove child sexual abuse material from the internet and strengthen cooperation to track down perpetrators around the world.

In any such program, systematic capacity-building is also critical to inclusive and sustainable growth. Whether you are a member of law enforcement, a new industry player, part of a child protection NGO, come and learn how you and your organization can join the WePROTECT Global Alliance and help make a difference on a global stage on this important issue.

The IGF is a unique opportunity to reach potential partners from governments, law enforcement, and civil society. Being in Mexico allows us to reach potential Latin American, Caribbean and South American Partners. 

Draft Agenda
1) Opening remarks from Moderator – 5 minutes
2) Overview of WePROTECT – 10 minutes
3) Reactions from existing supporters – 15 minutes
4) Discussion with audience participants 45 minutes
5) Wrap up and next steps – 15 minutes

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

Allen, Ernie
Bautista, Colonel Freddy
Beauchere, Jacqueline 
Nejm, Rodrigo

Most societies are truly based on the rule of law, elected governments rely on the judicial branch to deliver on its obligations to its citizens and to protect and promote universal human rights. As stated in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Goal 16: Peace, stability, human rights and effective governance based on the rule of law are important conduits for sustainable development. It is therefore central that this branch is strengthened, giving it greater responsibility and relevance to address new challenges related to the Internet and freedom of expression. Such new challenges concerning the relationship between governments and social media networks have led, as one example, to the shutting down of these applications, violating freedom of expression and other correlated rights, after decisions of Courts, for instance.

Over the last few years UNESCO and the Interamerican Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression has teamed with a number of judicial systems in IberoAmerica, including supreme courts and judicial training schools and institutions in strengthening the capacities and knowledge of judicial operators hindered by new challenges associated with the Internet and freedom of expression, access to information and the safety of journalists.

UNESCO proposes this session, in coordination with Freedom of Expression Rapporteurs and Regional Human Rights Courts, to address the role of Judiciary System in protecting Freedom of Expression in the Cyberspace. This is ground-breaking, inspiring, new work with a new group of stakeholders.

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

Botero, Catalina
Caldas, Roberto
Díaz de León, Eugenia
Lanza, Edison
Lemos, Ronaldo

Children are integral part and the key stakeholders for the society. The need to ensure their access and inclusion on any development initiatives is important, not only for the increased use of the platform (Internet) but also global development and growth. As we are aware, Internet usage by kids has expanded dramatically over the last two decades, and the ways children, youth, and adults use these tools are in rapid flux, as new technologies are developed. However, if development of the internet is not accompanied by structured, continuous and measurable e-literacy education programs, then a wide range of problems are created and children are left vulnerable. The exposure to the kids is particularly significant due to their limitation in understanding the complexities posed. This is further compounded by their constraint in taking thoughtful action to prevent the threats. 

The workshop will explore the current initiatives that various stakeholders are undertaking in ensuring the Children security online. There has been an increased efforts from various stakeholders such as Legal/ Law Enforcement, Content Providers, Technical Association/ Private Sector, NGO’s and Civil Society to achieve the various objectives for a common goal in making Internet a better platform for children to communicate and collaborate. The representatives from the mentioned stakeholder group shall share the details of the use cases/initiatives commenced by their respective organizations/affiliations. We further target to focus on devising collaborative efforts between various stakeholders that can be replicated nationally and regionally.

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

Allen, Ernie
Croll, Jutta
Jackson, Natasha
NG Ki Chun, David
NG, Ki Chun, David
Richardson, Janice
Saidalavi, Mohamed Mustafa
Spiezia, Vincenzo

States’ jurisdiction, traditionally anchored on the principle of territoriality, is increasingly challenged as cyberspace is in principle borderless. Notably, law enforcement agencies’ access to criminal evidence is complicated by storage online, often by private companies’ servers, and often abroad in another jurisdiction. This growing lawlessness in cyberspace complicates law enforcement’s ability to rapidly secure and obtain digital evidence to prevent and investigate serious crime and terrorism.

Generally, no harmonised global approach exists on how to access such information. A wide array of evolving national approaches are threatening to fragment cyberspace, causing conflicting requirements on Internet companies, and posing tough questions about the rule of law, inclusiveness and online rights. 

These challenges are forcing governments and international institutions to consider new frameworks for cooperation and is leading to a global rethink on how to better determine jurisdiction in cyberspace.

This session will convene experts from law enforcement, the Council of Europe, tech industry, civil society and academia to address current challenges and point to possible solutions.

Confirmed speakers:

- Alexander Seger, Head of Cybercrime Division, Council of Europe
- Neide de Oliveira, Coordinator of the National Working Group on Cybercrime, Brazil
- Paul Mitchell, General Manager, Technology Policy, Microsoft Corporation
- Bertrand de la Chapelle, Director, Internet & Jurisdiction Project
- Emma Llanso, Director of the Free Expression Project, Center for Democracy & Technology
- Nathalia Foditsch, American University
- Christian Borggreen, Director, International Policy, Computer & Communications Industry Association (CCIA) 

Link to event flyer. 

The choices we make about Internet security will have an impact on our ability to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This panel discussion will explore the critical role of collaboration in Internet security and how that approach affects sustainable economic and social growth.

Any practical cybersecurity framework needs to start with an understanding of the fundamental properties of the Internet and an appreciation of the complexity of the cybersecurity landscape. It should be premised on fostering trust and protecting opportunities for economic and social prosperity. Achieving security objectives, while preserving these fundamental properties, rights and values is the real challenge of cybersecurity strategy.

The Internet Society recently published an approach to tackling cybersecurity in the paper "Collaborative Security". This approach starts from the considerations identified above. The objective of this IGF workshop is to continue the development of the Collaborative Security approach and principles as they apply in regional and local contexts.

The session format is a panel that will enable moderated discussion among panellists, and all participants both online and in-person. An outline agenda for the session follows:

1. Introduction, purpose, format and outcomes - 5 minutes
2. Panellist intros - 5 minutes
3. Collaborative Security framework overview - 5 minutes
4. Regional and local perspectives - 20 minutes
5. Moderated discussion between panellists - 15 minutes
6. Open discussion with in-person and online participants (the latter facilitated by the online moderator) - 35 minutes
7. Summary, key findings and continuing the dialogue - 5 minutes

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

Carvell, Mark
Esaki, Hiroshi
Ito, Yurie
Kolkman, Olaf
Lefèvre, Flávia
Shorey, Nick

The demographic of people yet to be connected to the Internet poses a complex challenge to policy makers, businesses and researchers alike: as of July 2015, only 3.1 billion of 7.3 billion people were connected to the Internet. Rates of Internet adoption in most parts of the developing world are of concern, where over two thirds of the population is yet to reap the benefits of connectivity.

Against this backdrop, new strategies for connecting the next billion have been initiated in various parts of the world by businesses, civil society organizations and governments. The Dynamic Coalition on Innovative Approaches to Connecting the Unconnected seeks to collect and disseminate information about innovative technological and business practices that have proven effective in improving broadband adoption, as well as explore various supply and demand side drivers of adoption in unconnected communities.

After a short presentation of the newly created Dynamic Coalition and a description of the work that has already been done under the initiative by the speakers in the first twenty minutes, Professor Christopher Yoo will moderate a highly interactive discussion with the panelists and the audience, with a view to identify what are the most important supply and demand-side issues in the short term. Everyone present at the meeting as well as remotely will be given an opportunity to contribute to the discussion, and all comments and suggestions will be taken into account in order to elaborate the roadmap for the Dynamic Coalition. 

Confirmed speakers:

1. Christopher S. Yoo, University of Pennsylvania (Civil Society)

2. Michael Kende, ISOC (Technical Community)

3. Helani Galpaya, LIRNEAsia (Civil Society)

4. Rajan S. Mathews, COAI (Business)

5. Anriette Esterhueysen, APC (Civil Society)

6. Alex Wong, WEF (Business)

7. Karen McCabe, IEEE (Technical Community)

Bandwidth management has been an evolving concern for the Internet community around the globe. The rapid introduction of new Internet applications and services, the fast growth of Internet-connected devices and more recently the changes in the nature of the demand for multimedia content in terms of the peak-to average data rate - which has, according to some studies, increased from a factor of 2.9 to 6.5 -, created new challenges for the rational management of the networks. 
Video streaming has been one of the main drivers of the fast increasing bandwidth demand. Nowadays, several policy initiatives aim at stimulating and supporting inter-locations transport services done by IXPs' participants, allowing the traffic to stay in the location. One of those initiatives has became widely accepted among the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) community. The main idea of this initiative is to enhance the Content Delivery Network (CDN) chain, implementing CDN servers within the large and medium ISPs' infrastructure which are closer to the end users. This could leverage Internet providers operation multiplying their capacity to provide Internet access with high quality standards.
The workshop objective is to explore advantages and disadvantages of implementing autonomous systems connected to existing Internet Exchange Points to provide an alternative content source for medium and small ISPs, in regions with lower economic capacity, which are less attractive to large ISPs.

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

Coffin, Jane
Faulhaber, Henrique
Goslings, Bastiaan
Kashiwakura, Milton
Parajo, Eduardo

This session addresses the issue of "How do we ensure accountability in developing Internet related policies and to have them adopted and maintained in an effective manner?"

Over the recent years, discussions on accountability have mainly focused on the IANA transition and ICANN. Accountability, however, is a much bigger issue that goes deep in the heart of good and effective Internet governance. 

Placing accountability at the very heart of the post-WSIS agenda in Internet governance will be critical to make sure the commitments are met and honored in practice. Accountability helps create an environment of trust and effectiveness in policies, ranging from those for Critical Internet resources to public policies by governments. It brings a diverse set of stakeholders together to develop policies with fact based expert inputs and considerations from multiple angles. If we were to enable inclusive and sustainable growth for the Internet, and to develop and adopt policies to achieve this, improving accountability in the context of Internet governance is a critical component.

One of the reasons why the Internet is such a great technology is the existence and exercise of accountability mechanisms by the technical community. For years now, different parts of the technical community have formed accountability mechanisms that have allowed the creation of sound policies that have ensured an open and inclusive Internet, which has accommodated growth and innovation.Experience from setting up and following these models could provide guidance when similar process are set to develop other Internet related policies.

Moderator:
Scholte, Jan

Speakers:
Carvell, Mark
Githaiga, Grace
Kinoshita, Tsuyoshi
Sanchez, Leon 
Yamout, Salam

Session co-hosted with Alliance for Affordable Internet, Global Connect, ICANN, IEEE, ISOC, ITU, People Centered Internet, UNESCO, and the World Bank

The Internet has become a pervasive and fundamental part of daily life. Its impact on both economic development and solving problems in areas such as health, education, basic financial services and agriculture is well documented. Still, some 4 billion people – more than 55% of the world’s population – do not use the internet. With the recognition of the Internet as a critical enabler of social and economic development, many governments, companies, international organizations, MDBs, and members of civil society are now working to extend internet access and use. Yet while this increased attention is overall positive, there is a high risk of duplication, lack of coordination, and fatigue for the very countries these efforts are trying to help. The result could be interventions that are unscaleable, unsustainable, and have marginal impact. Global and regional leaders driving these efforts have an urgent opportunity and responsibility to ensure that “this time around” real, significant, and sustainable outcomes are produced. How can we improve coordination and collaboration 1) on priority global topics and 2) at the country implementation level? 

IGF participants are invited to discuss with practitioners and thought leaders on a variety of coordination and collaboration topics.

Introduced and Moderated By
-Alex Wong, World Economic Forum

Welcome Remarks
-Doreen Bogdan-Martin, ITU

Data Gathering, Monitoring, and Evaluation
Firestarters:
-Michael Kende, Senior Fellow, Internet Society
-Christopher Yoo, University of Pennsylvania
-Sarah Wynn-Williams, Facebook

Mobilizing Local Communities/Local Content
Firestarters:
-Raul Echeberria , Internet Society
-Indrajit Banerjee, UNESCO
-Karen McCabe, IEEE

Sustainable and Scaleable Country Partnerships
Firestarters:
-Manu Bhardwaj, Global Connect
-Sonia Jorge, Alliance for Affordable Internet

Closing Remarks:
-Vint Cerf, People Centered Internet

The primary purpose of cybersecurity awareness campaigns is to influence the adoption of secure behaviour online. Past and current efforts to improve cybersecurity practices and to promote inclusiveness and growth have not had the desired impact. It is important, therefore, to critically reflect on the challenges involved in improving cybersecurity behaviour for individuals. In particular, understanding how people perceive risks is critical to creating effective awareness campaigns.

This session aims to better understand the reasons why cybersecurity awareness campaigns often fail to change people’s behaviour. The speakers will discuss which factors are important to be considered when designing education and awareness messages (e.g. cultural and socio-economic factors) based on several examples from around the world and will try to identify possible metrics to measure the impact of cybersecurity awareness campaigns.

• Liina Areng, Head of International Relations, Information System Authority Estonia
• Dr Maria Bada, Oxford Martin Fellow, The Global Cyber Security Capacity Centre, University of Oxford @capacitycentre
• Kerry-Ann Barrett, Cyber Security Policy Specialist, Cyber Security Program, Organization of American States @OEA_Cyber
• Michael Kaiser, Executive Director, National Cyber Security Alliance @MKaiserNCSA

Participants will be invited to participate in a short survey which will contribute to the research of the Global Cyber Security Capacity Centre.

In order for the Internet to contribute to sustainable growth it needs to be safe(r) and reliable. This can only be achieved through cooperation beyond traditional boundaries. Hence one of the most heard mantras in Internet governance: “we” need to break down silos, i.e. find ways in which (different) stakeholders learn to trust each other and open themselves to cooperation through different sectors and across borders to make the Internet safer.

SIDN, the manager of the .nl domain, has been involved in a number of successful cooperative initiatives in the Netherlands. We further noticed that several initiatives around the globe have led to successful cooperation, while others struggle and/or falter. In order to make more initiatives successful, it has decided to spearhead the theme “opening silos” for this year’s IGF and bring together as many known initiatives as possible. In 2016 there are still many barriers to conquer. This includes the political level, but also practical cooperation between organisations.

This workshop brings together (public – private) initiatives from around the globe with the aim to identify the critical factors which have led to a breakthrough and thus to success. 

• This workshop will present best practices for others to learn from.
• The workshop will touch upon initiatives where cooperation is not or insufficiently taking off
• It will discuss the reasons behind non-cooperation in order to advise on potential ways forward.

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

We do not have speakers in the traditional sense. This is an open discussion with all in attendance. There are representatives from INhope, GSMA, SIDN, AbuseHUB, Cyber Green, RIPENCC, Stop!Think!Connect!, US State Department, FIRST, CIRTBR, universities, and many others present to share their views on this topic for others to learn from.

The IGF's primary focus is to highlight how the discussion around Internet governance can impact the SDGs. Simultaneously, there has been increased attention drawn to the role of cybersecurity and its place both within the Internet governance framework, as well as how increased cybersecurity capacity might impact economic growth both in developed and developing countries.

 However, there are conflicting views on whether these differing fields are operationally compatible. For example, working through governance frameworks to improve Internet penetration in developing countries would help achieve some aims of the development agenda, but could also erode global cybersecurity by increasing the number of users susceptible to malicious attacks. Additionally, there has not been clearly identifiable proof that actually increasing cybersecurity capacity will improve the economic advancement of a country, much less whether working in an Internet governance framework is the way to achieve this secure state.

This session aims to bring together individuals from different sectors who will provide arguments for a) the convergence of these three issues, b) reasoning for why they would be separate working streams, and c) provide stance on when security, development, and governance interact and when they do not based on examples.

The  workshop aims to discuss whether open access/public Wi-Fi models are an effective new form of demand aggregation able to leverage the increased availability of Internet enable mobile-devices in environments where even the cost effective broadband models produce services that are unaffordable for many people. The discussion will examine various public, private and public private interplay models being deployed to provide public access and how such models might make better use of universal services funds or substitute obligations with public access provisioning by licensees. It will explore the success factors of various models including consideration of what constitutes a conducive policy and regulatory environment for Public Wi-Fi. It will be held in a flash presentation/workshop format to ensure participation and knowledge sharing amongst attendees. 

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

Geerdts, Christopher
Munyua, Alice
Rey-Moreno, Carlos
Yedaly, Moctar
Song, Stephen
Heurta, Erick