IGF 2016: Enabling Inclusive and Sustainable Growth

Digital technologies are profoundly changing our economies and societies. Broadband networks are essential in enabling this transformation. By reducing the cost of accessing information and by expanding the means for sharing knowledge, these networks can empower people, encourage greater civic engagement and improve the delivery of public services, as well as support the development of more inclusive and sustainable societies. Nonetheless, these opportunities come with challenges, the first of which is to ensure that everyone has access to this tool. While the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region has a high number of mobile telephone subscriptions (more than one subscription per person), 50% of people in LAC are still not connected to the Internet and only 10% of individuals in the region have fixed broadband subscriptions.

"Broadband Policies for Latin America and the Caribbean: A Digital Economy Toolkit" is a result of a more than two years-long project that involved 26 countries in the LAC region and the combined resources of the OECD and the IDB. In setting out some guidelines for designing a whole-of-government approach to broadband policies, this Toolkit aims to assist countries in the region enhance their digital prospects and make progress on international, regional and national policy objectives. 

This roundtable of experts in the region will discuss some of the key findings and main challenges identified in the Toolkit, as well as the way forward for the LAC region in making sure the digital economy is within the reach of all. The roundtable will discuss the following questions:

1. What are the main take aways from the Toolkit and what is missing?
2. If you could choose one chapter to be prioritised for policy action in 2017-18, what would it be?
3. How can we harness regional integration to implement some of the good practices identified?

Panellists

• Bruno Ramos (Regional Director of the Latin America, ITU)

• Sebastian Bellagamba (Regional Bureau Director for LAC, ISOC)
• Gonzalo Navarro (Executive Director, ALAI)
• Christoph Steck (Director of Policy and Internet, Telefónica)
• Alexandre Barbosa (Manager, CETIC.br, Brazil)
• Maria Helena Estavillo (Commissioner, IFT, Mexico)

Video of the session:
https://youtu.be/REWIuUuhEh0?t=32m  

Report of the session (by GIP):
http://digitalwatch.giplatform.org/sessions/oecd-broadband-policies-lac-digital-economy-toolkit

Read full publication:

[English] Broadband Policies for Latin America and the Caribbean: A Digital Economy Toolkit

[Spanish] Políticas de banda ancha para América Latina y el Caribe: Un manual para la economía digital

Visit website (beta):

http://www.oecd.org/internet/broadband/lac-digital-toolkit/

This 90-minute session will bring together stakeholders to reflect upon the evolution of the ICANN multistakeholder model. In light of the IANA Stewardship Transition, ICANN has undergone a series of enhancements to its accountability and governance framework. These enhancements include revisions of key governance documents (Bylaws, Articles of Incorporation) and the creation of an affiliate organization to operate the IANA functions, legally separate from the policymaking work that ICANN also houses. Enhancements go beyond governance documents to affect the multistakeholder community and its own accountability and responsibility within the ICANN ecosystem: this is addressed in particular throughout the second phase of the accountability enhancements work, known as “Work Stream 2”. This session will seek views and feedback from the IGF Community on the process that was undertaken by ICANN to evolve the multistakeholder model, using the IANA Stewardship Transition as a case study.

Session Moderator: Theresa Swinehart, Senior Vice President, Multistakeholder Strategy And Strategic Initiatives, ICANN

Speakers:
Göran Marby, President and CEO, ICANN 
Lawrence E. Strickling, Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information and Administrator, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce 
Steve Crocker, Chairman of the Board, ICANN
Thomas Schneider, Chair of the ICANN Governmental Advisory Committee (GAC)
Alejandro Pisanty, ISOC Mexico  
Erin Dorgan, International Telecommunications Policy and Coordination, Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development, Canada 

Agenda

1) Introduction of Session by Theresa Swinehart
2) The IANA Stewardship Transition and ICANN – Göran Marby
3) Address by Lawrence E. Strickling
4) ICANN post-transition  - Questions to be taken by Discussants: Thomas Schneider, Erin Dorgan, Alejandro Pisanty 
Questions include:

• GAC role in the multistakeholder decision-making process;
• How does the success of the transition demonstrate the validity of the global multistakeholder model?
• What are some of the greatest potential challenges to ICANN and the multistakeholder model moving forward?
• What are the accountability enhancements that are the results of Work Stream 2?

5) Closing remarks on the overall transition journey  - Steve Crocker
6) Community input and Q&A  - moderated by Theresa Swinehart 

Stanford’s Center for Deliberative Democracy (CDD) and the Center for Democracy, Development and Rule of Law (CDDRL) are hosting a day 0 workshop to discuss bringing deliberation and deliberative democracy to multistakeholder Internet governance. The workshop at the IGF venue is from 2p to 5p on Dec 5, day 0.  

To ground the workshop in one of the current Internet Governance debates, participants will engage in moderated small group deliberations on the topic of governing digital encryption. Participants will engage in knowledge sharing and weighing of tradeoffs based on balanced briefing materials laying out policy options and their tradeoffs. Following this hands on deliberative experience,  the workshop will open up the  discussion to strategies, obstacles, and paths for how deliberative democracy can be effectively used within multistakeholder governance in general and on the topic of governing digital encryption in particular. Participants in this workshop will depart with a deliberation toolkit which participants can use to implement in their own communities. 

Tentative Agenda:

2:00-2:30 Introductions and Overview - Please arrive at 2p!

2:30-4:00 Part 1: Moderated small group discussion, Large group Q&A and feedback

4:00-5:00 Part 2: Reflection and Next steps on Multistakeholder Governance and Democracy - Open Discussion

Organized by ICC BASIS, these briefings convene business participants to reflect on developments and align business participation throughout the IGF.

The Internet of Things (IoT) covers a broad spectrum of technological innovations, concepts and applications, but essentially refers to the next phase in the process of networking the devices that we rely on. The IoT builds on the success of earlier development (the Internet as we know it), but brings with it new challenges and potential changes. 

This discussion will bring together participants from both the established IG technical and standardisation spaces (the IETF, the RIRs) and those in working in the evolving IoT space to consider the following questions: 

- What are the needs of IoT vendors and operators in Internet governance and administration? 
- Can the existing structures of Internet governance, both technical and administrative, adapt to meet the needs of the IoT?
- To what extent are openness and transparency important as Internet governance evolves to accommodate IoT?
- Recognising that not all IoT applications rely on common open Internet standards, what are the benefits of an open model over the choice for proprietary technology, also in terms of security, interoperability and continuity of service?
- What are the implications of widespread deployment of IoT for “the Internet as we know it”?

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

Cath, Corinne
Hogewoning, Marco
Lazanski, Dominique
Ogorkiewics, Anya
Wilson, Paul

Countries around the world have recognized the transformational impact of connecting more people to the Internet. It increases economic productivity, improves the lives of users, and positively impacts economic development of countries. Surveys in both the developing and the developed world have revealed that Internet adoption is not simply a matter of availability and cost. Demand-side barriers also play a significant role, including the lack of perceived need for an Internet subscription, digital literacy, and the availability of local content. Sustained, inclusive Internet user growth thus requires a better understanding of the demand-side barriers to Internet adoption, particular in rural areas and in low- and medium-income countries. This workshop brings together numerous experts with real-world experience in overcoming demand-side barriers to Internet adoption in unconnected communities that are coming online. The aim of the workshop is to improve our understanding of the obstacles that these communities face in gaining access to the Internet and to develop principles and ideas that may be used by relevant stakeholders in their endeavors to bring these communities online in the future.

Speakers include:

Bharadwaj, Manu - US Department of State
Blackler, Ellen - The Walt Disney Corporation
Jorge, Sonia - The Alliance for Affordable Internet
Pisanty, Alejandro - National University of Mexico
Mitchell, Paul - Microsoft

Around the world, private sector actors, civil society organizations, and governments are engaged in numerous initiatives that are bringing the benefits of Internet access to rural communities. However, an analysis of these initiatives and their success or lack thereof is quite limited, which stymies information flow, cross learning, and collaborations. This workshop looks at ways in which that data gap can be bridged by bringing together a roundtable of various stakeholders from civil society, business, technical community, and governments. Some key questions that will orient the discussion are: What are the key knowledge gaps in this area and how should they be addressed? Are the information needs of governments, the technical community and civil society being appropriately addressed by current research efforts? What are some good (and possibly bad) examples that address these needs? How can further collaboration be fostered between data producers and users? Are current research methods and standards appropriate? How can data collected at various national, sub-national, and community levels be brought to the forefront of cross-sector and cross-country collaborations? Is crowdsourcing a viable option for the collection of such data? What other outreach initiatives can best bring together data on such endeavors? Are there barriers to divulging data on private sector initiatives, and if so, what are the ways in which these can be addressed?

Speakers:

Estavillo Flores, María Elena
Galpaya , Helani
Galperin, Hernan
Mathews, Rajan
Gillwald, Alison
Barbosa, Alexandre 
Yedaly, Moctar

According with the World Health Organization, nowadays there are more than 1000 million people with disability globally, that is about 15% of the world’s population. Taking into consideration in the aforementioned, disability is a development priority, as it could be seen in the sustainable development goals that make different emphasis in this topic.
In order to accomplish these objectives, it is essential to ensure that persons with disabilities have access to information and communication technologies, including Internet so the persons with disabilities fully enjoy this fundamental right and have access to all kind of social services. 
In this regard, this panel is relevant to Internet Governance because it will allow knowing the national and international experiences that have been developed in order to promote the inclusiveness of people with disabilities in the information and communication technologies as well as the Internet. Sharing the successful stories to promote the accessibility will benefit all people with disability from birth to old.

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

- Mónica Duhem, Hearcolors

-Mignon L. Clyburn, Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

-James Thurston, G3ict

-Adriana Labardini, Federal Telecommunications Institute

-Chandra Roy-Henriksen, Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues at the United Nations

-Donal J. Rice, NDA

-Shadi Abou-Zahra,  W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)

 

This session is presented on behalf of the Internet Governance Caucus (IGC), which is one of the groups advocating for the interests of civil society actors within the Internet Governance arena.

Access, finance and knowledge are critical factors of sustainability and development. Stakeholders in the internet governance and economic development need to play more assertive roles and devise new strategy of enabling inclusion through access provision, knowledge replica and distribution; and financing ICT for Development. The role of civil society in this context is complex. This workshop will consider a mapping of the spaces where CS does engage and should engage in the three areas of focus for the workshop: access provision, financing ICT4D and knowledge distribution.

Therefore, civil society needs to have a critical discussion on how they could better involve in the financing of ICT4D and access provision. Also, in what way and capacity can civil society help bridging digital divide through knowledge distribution and capacity building?

Harnessing and reviewing the roles of civil society in Internet Governance and economic development would better help advance and connect civil society participation in the discussions of ICT for development especially Internet governance and its sustainability.

In brief, the workshop is going to identify the challenges and look to existing best practices and approaches as well as processes and institutions that have addressed part or all of the focus area of the workshop. 

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

Bollow, Norbert
Cadena, Sylvia
Gurstein, Michael
Hvale Pellizzer, Valentina
Kane, Cissé
Malcolm, Jeremy
Mueller, Milton
SCHOMBE, BAUDOUIN 

The Internet today falls short of true inclusiveness and availability. However, many fundamental Internet applications still adopt English language and much of the existing Internet content and infrastructure depends on the ASCII character set which is based on the Latin characters commonly used by English speakers. It is regarded as a kind of digital gap and a main barrier for the users who do not use Latin characters to generally access and well use the Internet. For example, they have to learn a new character set to send emails, or finding the ASCII-based email addresses and domain names inconvenient. To some extent, single use of ASCII character set dose not conduce to the inclusive and sustainable development of the Internet.

With the emergence of internationalized domain names (IDN), email with Internationalized Email address (EAI), as two of the important fundamental applications, made an effective breakthrough to step over the gap. If the techs of IDN and EAI could be quickly deployed, we can enable more Internet users with unique Internet culture IDs. 

Nevertheless, the deployment of EAI still remains in the initial stage and more efforts shall be made. Firstly, we should increase the awareness of its significance. Secondly, it needs to upgrade the present email system to meet EAI’s technical requirements. Thirdly, the necessary policy and special talent team shall be established.

The workshop aims to assemble relevant stakeholders to share information and best practice from the global perspective, and try to figure out next actions for the future. 

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

Arunwatanamongkol, Pensri
Saleh, Alireza
Sullivan , Andrew
Svancarek, Mark
TODOROV, Leonid
Woo, Marvin
Yao, Jiankang

This round table will discuss existing examples of community networks in order to identify the main challenges that such connectivity model may face with regard to (i) policy and regulation; (ii) self governance and sustainability models; (iii) deployment, software and hardware technology iv) how to strengthen community networks collectively.

The goal of the workshop is to expand knowledge and share lessons learned about the topic and elaborate concrete suggestions for topics and lines of action that may be used to nurture the work of the Dynamic Coalition on Community Connectivity

The workshop will utilise an interactive-roundtable format aimed at allowing participants to understand the issues at stake thanks to concise presentations by experts. Emphasis of the dialogue will be on the current state of Community Network challenges and reality.

The meeting will be divided in three moments: 1) presentation of concrete problems and challenges, 2) approaches to solutions based on community network experiences, 3) general discussion with the public aimed at jointly crafting key recommendations.

Speakers Include

• Jane Coffin, ISOC          
• Mike Jensen, APC
• Lee Hibbard, Council of Europe  
• Osama Manzar, Digital Empowerment Foundation
• Leandro Navarro, guifi.net / Technical University of Catalonia
• Carlos Rey-Moreno, University of the Western Cape
• Nicolás Echániz, Altermundi
• Luca Belli, Center for Technology & Society at FGV

This Workshop will provide an overview (primarily for a non-ICANN audience) of the significant process that ICANN has recently facilitated concerning the IANA Stewardship transition and the agreement to new Accountability measures. 

It will look at the unique and important multi-stakeholder process used in the Working Groups that formed the IANA transition proposal and the Accountability proposals and will report on the second stream of work on Accountability that is being taken forward by the Cross Community Working Group (CCWG). 

The session will stimulate debate and discussion on the importance of this work in the overall context of Internet Governance and the lessons the process may have for other complex policy issues. 

While the IANA Transition and associated Accountability measures do not directly link to inclusive or sustainable growth; the stability and openness of the Internet - which the transition helps ensure - does, and thus is significant.

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

Badii, Farzaneh
CAVALLI, OLGA
Cavalli, Olga
Nguyen, M-H Carolyn 
Okutani, Izumi
Olufuye, Jimson
Sanchez, Leon 
Shears, Matthew
Tropina, Tatiana

Internet observatories and maps have proliferated in recent years. They range in form and focus. However, they all share a common goal: provide and share timely and accurate information and knowledge for different stakeholders on - a fundamental pillar of “Inclusive and Sustainable Growth”. At the IGF 2015, 15 project leaders started a conversation on challenges and opportunities for cooperation vis-à-vis capacity-building and education as well as policy-making within the IG ecosystem at large. Interoperability and multilingualism were identified as priority goals. The open forum at the IGF 2016 aims at furthering that dialogue with the IGF community, with a focus on the assessment of the “information seeking environment" available today and on how to better serve information seeking needs of different users. Through break-out groups, the session will seek to understand the journey and needs inherent to using and sharing information on Internet Governance from a community perspective.

Name of Speaker(s)

Carolin Weisser (Cybersecurity Capacity Portal), Cristina Monti (GIPO), Tereza Horejsova (DiploFoundation / GIP Digital Watch),Diego R. Canabarro (The Brazilian Internet Observatory), Arne Hintz (Mapping Global Media Policy), Stefaan G. Verhulst (GovLab NYU)

This roundtable session addresses the promotion of Internet access policies by innovating on regulatory frameworks that address both the access problem and the human rights dimension. The combination of market strategies, public policies and the intervention of community-driven efforts in many least developed countries and regions is a way forward to the challenges that surfaced at the roundtable organized last year about the how could Internet rights and access goals become reconciled. The way forward proposed then in the roundtable were in line with the recommendations from the Final Compilation document for “Connecting the Next Billion”, which stresses the need for an enabling environment, where “future connectivity efforts need to ensure that those coming online have access to the entire global and open Internet. Access should be universal, equitable, secure, affordable, and high-quality on the basis of human rights…”. (2015:31). The roundtable seeks to address the specific strategies that combine a public interest approach and the expertise deriving from the market sector and community initiatives.
Key questions for the debate: Which best practices in developed or developing countries provide good examples for striking these balances? How is government intervention envisaged in the development of policies and infrastructure for the next billion users? How adequate have Universal Service Funds been and what role should be foreseen for them? What’s the evidence of the impact of zero-rated programs on access and on human rights such as access to information and free expression? Are there successful community experiences that could be replicated in other contexts? How can empirical research further help advance the discussion beyond the statement of principles?

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

Bellagamba, Sebastián, ISOC 
Perry Siena, APNIC
Casasbuenas, Julian, COLNODO APC
Estrada, Miguel Ignacio, Min. Modernización, Argentina
Galpaya , Helani, LIRNE ASIA
López, Fernando, ASIET
Gillwald, Alison, Research ICT Africa

Small Island Developing States (SIDS) comprise just under 60 countries and territories which are some of the most vulnerable places on the planet. The 2004 Indian Ocean "Boxing Day Tsunami" affected many Small Islands within the larger countries of Thailand, Indonesia and India as well as Sri Lanka and the Maldives - resulting in hundreds of thousands of casualties and missing and billions of dollars in property and infrastructural damage. In the Caribbean country of Haiti on 12 January 2010, within a few minutes, a 7.0 magnitude earthquake resulted in a deathtoll of well over 150,000, many thousands more injured and causing widespread and catastrophic devastation to property and infrastructure throughout the country - in particular, the most inhabited and populous capital of Port-au-Prince. SIDS have had a long and devastating history with hurricanes/cyclones with many thousands of lives lost, billions of dollars in property and infrastructural damage in dozens of countries & territories such as Vanuatu (2015), Grenada (2004) and Jamaica (1988).

What is increasingly clear is that Information & Communications Technologies (ICTs), Broadband & the Internet (in particular) are BOTH affected by & IMPORTANT IN natural disasters, search & rescue efforts and both the immediate and medium-term recovery efforts in the the aftermath.

How can we change or improve the current approach to Broadband, Wireless technologies and the Internet - in general within SIDS - to both mitigate against infrastructure failure and assist with reducing the enormous human and financial cost of disasters?

This year’s Roundtable will bring together activists and experts from the SIDS regions to discuss, explore and find solutions to these questions.

Despite having a population of approximately 350 million, The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has a relatively low level of Information Communication Technology (ICTs) penetration compared to most of the world. Given how ICTs can improve the standards of living by contributing to development in several areas such as governance, poverty alleviation, education, health, environement and community, fostering digital capacities can contribute to achieving sustainable social and economic development.

With that in mind, this workshop aims at exploring ways to raise the level of ICT penetration in the region by discussing challenges, weaknesses, strengths and opportunities in :

- Capacity building in the educational and vocational sector.

- Global and regional partnerships for development of the internet economy &

- Internet Governance and implementation isuues.

Given that education is at the core of any development policy, ICT capacity building in education is vital and can be achieved by connecting schools and promoting digital content, access, inclusion and gender equality, so that educators and students could benefits from the opportunities that internet provides. Fostering the digital skills of the youth through additional vocational trainings is also likely to have a long-term positive impact on all walks of life.

Exploring ways to establish and strengthen regional and global partnerships is needed to ensure synergy and coordination among different stakeholders, and it is a conerstone for future viable economic growth, Further, given the complexity of the cross-disciplinary Internet governance issues, its valuable to discuss thoses matters to identify effective approaches to deploy IG in the region based on improving the multistakeholderism and buttom-up models in the decision making process.

Moderator
Walid AL-SAQAF

Confirmed Speakers
Aboulyazed, Hisham 
Al-Araj, Nadira
Boujemi, Hanane
Cherkaoui, LEGHRIS
Idlebi, Nibal
Oumrane, Fatma
Saraswat, Mohit
Yahmadi, Hafedh

Online Moderator 

Said Bensbih 
A remote hub will be organized in cooperation with Hassan II university of Casablanca
The session will be held in room 2

Rapporteur 
Michael Oghia, ISOC IGF Ambassador 

The UN Group of Governmental Experts on Information Security has become a key forum for discussing global cybersecurity. The GGE process will launch its latest round of talks in Fall 2016. These discussions will include further development of voluntary, non-binding norms for States to improve the security and stability of ICTs. To date, the GGE process has almost exclusively involved States. Meanwhile, the Internet community has been mostly absent from these discussions. To the extent that the Internet community looks to the UN, the focus has been on WSIS and ICT for Development discussions in the Second Committee (Economic and Financial). The GGE, in contrast, is a First Committee process.

Among the central achievements of the GGE to date is the elaborating of cybernorms. Among the commitments in the GGE’s 2015 Report was its endorsement of norms that States would (i) not conduct or knowingly support ICT activity that intentionally damages the use and operation of critical infrastructure, (ii) not knowingly target another State’s CSIRT, nor (iii) use their own CSIRTs for malicious activity. 

The purpose of this round table is to build a bridge between the Cybernorms discourse and Internet governance debates. At present, the two conversations have rarely intersected, but just as decisions on Internet Governance impact the security and stability of cyberspace, so too can the GGE’s adoption of cybernorms or other recommendations impact Internet Governance in significant ways. This Roundtable will include experts on both communities to create an open exchange of information, present the evolution of both debates, and ask deep questions about collaboration.

Speakers confirmed:

Hollis, Duncan
Kovacs, Anja
Hinojosa, Pablo
Maciel, Marilia
Okutani, Izumi
Pisanty, Alejandro
Poetranto, Irene
Rõigas, Henry

WS126: Safe and Secure Cyberspace for Youth: Solutions for Asia and Africa (Friday, December 9, 09:00-10:30, @ Workshop Room 2)

【Overview】 How Can We Protect Youth Online?: Challenges v. Possible Solutions

The purpose of our workshop is to explore serious issues resulting from the rapid expansion of mobile broadband connections and the wide proliferation of smartphones across Asia and Africa. Our workshop introduces good practices to solve them, such as improving ICT literacy, setting-up Internet hotlines, and/or promoting the use of filtering services while respecting the freedom of expression and the right to know, in order to protect youth from illegal and harmful online contents and to promote the proper use of smartphones by youth. We strongly believe the workshop will help achieve inclusive and sustainable growth in developing countries.

The mobile-based network explosively increases the amount of data flow by which people’s standard of living can be improved. Ever more people are using social media for communication and expression, and in particular, it is no exaggeration to say that daily smartphone usage is indispensable for young people in order to share their opinions and pictures, sympathize or even mobilize to express their emotions via social media. 

While the importance of mobile-based communication is self-evident, this trend also gives rise to a negative effect, i.e., easy access to illegal and harmful online contents. Such access causes serious problems like fictitious or expensive claims, online bullying, online child sexual exploitation and abuse, and cyber racism. In worst case scenario, these problems show up in the real world and cause physical impacts. Since the contents remain in the cyberspace perpetually unless appropriate measures are taken, an urgent response to these issues is required.

【Agenda】

1. Opening Remarks

2. Presentations (1): From Institutional Perspectives

3. Presentations (2): From Youth Perspectives

4. Panel Discussion (1): Cross-Regional & Age Dialogue

5. Panel Discussion (2): Brainstorming Session on SDGs

6. Q&A Session (Again; if time allows)

7. Closing Remarks from All Panelists

【Diverse Panelists】 

-Dr. Makoto Yokozawa, Senior Consultant, Nomura Research Institute/Visiting Professor, The Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University

-Ms. Veronica Donoso, Executive Director, International Association of Internet Hotlines (INHOPE)

-Mr. Arsene Tungali, Co-founder & Executive Director, Rudi International

-Mr. Raymond Yang, Ambassador, NetMission.Asia 

-Ms. Shirley Wong, Representative, Hong Kong Youth Internet Governance Forum (HKYIGF)

*Unfortunately, Dr. Cisse Kane, President of African Civil Society on the Information Society (ACSIS) cannot join us. 

【Moderator】

-Mr. Kenta Mochizuki, Attorney at Law (New York), Public Policy & Corporate Governance, Corporate Management Group, Yahoo Japan Corporation

This workshop will debate the motion “This house believes that, in the interest of collective cybersecurity, technology companies should not allow government access to consumer data”. Two teams, of two to three speakers each, will present a three-five minute statement either in defense or against the motion which will address cybersecurity and related issues, including data protection, encryption, and the role of different stakeholders in protecting consumer and citizen security, as well as the security, stability and resilience of the internet. 

In response to a request by the FBI to unlock customer data from one of its devices to help a crime investigation, Apple recently stated “The U.S government is asking us to undermine decades of security advancements that protect our customers...with implications far beyond the case at hand”. This case, which made headlines around the world, brought to the fore some of the most pressing internet governance issues of the day. The internet can only be a driver for inclusive and sustainable growth if it is open, free and secure. The implications of such debates are undoubtedly shaping the future of the internet. But was Apple right or wrong - would cooperation with the FBI have made the internet, and by extension its users, less secure? By enabling an open and frank debate, this session aims to contribute to more informed discussions about cybersecurity and related issues which will shape the future of the internet and the exercise of human rights online worldwide for years to come.

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

Bergstein , Brian 
Lazanski , Dominique
Prakash , Pranesh 
Tropina , Tatiana 

Many argue that Internet is at the risk of fragmentation by various state and non-state actors. Internet fragmentation can affect the Internet and sustainable growth by threatening global interoperability, which would create barriers to communication, increase costs and affect the inclusiveness of the Internet. However, the arguments that the Internet is fragmenting are too broad and need to focus on more specific problems. In this workshop we look at controversies around fragmentation of the Domain Name System (DNS). This workshop seeks to find out more about the extent to which some states or other actors are promoting and supporting technical efforts to create an alternative root or competing sources of authority for the Domain Name System, and what it means if anything to the Internet ecosystem. The areas and projects that will be discussed at this session are: the experimental YETI-DNS live root server testbed project, continued coordination of IETF special-use names and private domain names. By looking into specific projects, the workshop will clarify the extent of effect of such projects on Internet fragmentation. 

Agenda
Moderator: introduction to people and  to issue:  10 min - Internet fragmentation - The role of DNS in global compatibility - Possibilities of fragmentation related to DNS

Q1: (15 minutes) Geo-Politics and Internet Fragmentation
what is the possibility of a major split in DNS caused by geopolitical differences?How could the global DNS be split as a result of geopolitical circumstances and what is the                 probability of such scenario? Are national policies aimed at creating hot backup autonomous databases for national DNS segments a step towards fragmentation?

Q2: (15 minutes) Technical Cases 
IETF and special naming - are we already in a fragmented world?
Yeti project 

Q3: (15 minutes) Innovation and Compatibility
Has convergence on a common DNS stifled innovation in naming?New DNS and naming techs and their impact on global compatibility


General Q and A: 10 minutes

Speakers provisionally confirmed:

Badii, Farzaneh
Demidov, Oleg
Kuerbis, Brenden 
Ranjbar, Kaveh
Sullivan, Andrew 
Vixie, Paul